BACKGROUND : Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome (LGS) is one of severe form epilepsy syndromes in childhood that characterized by the triad of intractable seizures of various types, a slow spike wave EEG, and mental retardation. The etiology of LGS is multifactorial. The most common types of seizure are tonic-axial but other types can occur in LGS. There are still no satisfaction in treatment with anti epileptic drugs (AEDs).
OBJECTIVE : To show LGS and how to diagnose it. And find the best therapy plan to prevent recurrent seizure and raise the long-term quality of life.
CASE : A 9 years old girl, with a complaint of seizure-like jerk movement for 10-15 minutes at right thigh with diagnosis LGS. Based on her medical records, the first seizure happened when she was 7 years old with partial complex seizure and tonic-clonic seizure. The second and third seizures when she was 8 years old with diagnosis meningitis and status epilepticus and she had to be treated at the ICU. The fourth seizure with a generalized tonic-clonic seizure with diagnosis meningitis and she had performed EEG examination with the result are a slow spike and epileptiform wave. The fifth and sixth seizure with simple partial seizure with motor symptom with diagnosis focal epilepsy and she had performed MRI without contrast with the result is in normal limit. She dropped out of her school about 6 months before her last examination.
CONCLUSION : The challenges in facing LGS are difficulty to make a correct diagnosis of the syndrome. Based on research by Jesus Eric et.al, LGS is the most challenging epileptic disorder to identify due to varied clinical presentation and progression. Early diagnosis can also determine prognosis and long-term management. Therefore, interdisciplinary treatment is important to manage LGS for long-term quality of life