BACKGROUND : Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by multi-organ damage caused in part by antibodies directed against self antigens. Pediatric lupus affects 3.3–8.8 per 100,000 children. Neuropsychiatric involvement in SLE can be a severe and troubling manifestation of the disease that heavily impacts patient’s health, quality of life and disease outcome.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe characteristics and outcomes of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus pediatric patients in Hasan Sadikin general hospital bandung.
METHOD: This is a descriptive retrospective study by collecting data from medical record. Subject in this study are children aged 0–18 years who have been diagnosed with neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus on January 2016–December 2018 at Hasan Sadikin general hospital Bandung.
RESULT: During 3 years, there were 22 case children diagnosed as NPSLE, most patients were girls (n=21) with only one boy, mostly aged 10–18 years (n=19). The symptoms were seizure (n=16) and headache (n=9) followed by altered conciousness (n=5), behavioral changes (n=3), paresis (n=2), vision loss (n=1). Mostly patients diagnosed with NPSLE within 1 year (n=15). All children treated with supportive therapy and 15 children had cyclophosphamide before the onset of neuropsychiatric symptoms. The outcome 9 children died, 9 children discharged home without neurological sequele, while 4 children discharged home with neurological sequele. Secondary data from radiologic shows that only 4 children with NPSLE proved with structural lesion on the brain, and there is not enough data that can support from electroencephalography.
CONCLUSION: The clinical manifestation of neuropsychological varied, ranging from neurologic to psychiatric symptoms.