OBJECTIVE: Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) has become an essential tool in the treatment of both acute and chronic respiratory failure in children. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of NIV usage in pediatric patients who were admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) with respiratory failure.
METHOD: This  was a cross-sectional descriptive study. The data were collected from the medical records of PICU patients at Sanglah General Hospital from January 2017 to December 2018. Successful NIV was defined as patients who survived without intubation. Failure was defined as patients who had worsened clinical condition and needed intubation for rescue. The minimum samples required was 78 subjects.
RESULT: The most common indication for NIV was Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS (78.1%), and Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) was commonly used (78.68%). This study showed that the NIV was commonly used after extubation condition (52.56%) than for the first-time rescue (47.44%). The success rate of NIV after extubation were 65.85% and 34.15% failed and shifted to mechanical ventilation. Nasal mask was the most commonly used in patients (92.31%), and only few patients had complaint nasal-injury (4.16%). The duration of NIV usage was less than three days (73.77%).
CONCLUSION: NIV was a useful tool for treatment of respiratory failure in pediatrics, and pneumonia was the most common disease for the use of NIV. The use of post-extubation NIV might be a valuable tool to prevent reintubation.