OBJECTIVE: To evauate knowledge and attitude of pediatric residents to diagnosis and management of upper acute respiratory infection (ARI).
METHODS:.Data was collected by online questionnaire distributed to pediatric residents in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (CMH).
RESULTS: Fifty one subjects participated in the study. Most were female (70.6%), from age group 25-30 years old (68.6%), and senior level (37%). Total of 45% residents diagnosed upper acute respiratory infection in daily practices up to 10-14 times permonth, with symptoms found were cough (98%), runny nose (94%), fever (76%), sore throat (67%),  blocked nose (49%), sneezing (29%). Diagnosis was mainly acute rhino-tonsilo-pharyngitis (86.3%), and the rest was acute rhinitis. Majority of subjects (98%) recognize viral infection was the most common cause of upper ARI, and subjects made the diagnosis simply clinically. All subject stated give symptomatic treatment to upper ARI (anti-pyretic, decongestant, mucolytic), with additional antihistamine drugs (41%) and antibiotics (8%). The clinical factors influencing antibiotic prescription mostly were detritus on tonsils and lymphadenopathy (72%), and greenish mucous color (19.6%). All subject acknowledged that irrational antibiotic prescription leads to antibiotic resistance. 
CONCLUSION:
Pediatric residents in CMH have sufficient knowledge and attitude that upper ARI is mostly due to viral infection. Hence, antibiotic is usually not needed, giving only symptomatic therapy. However, there is still inappropriate use if antihistamine in treating upper ARI. All residents are aware of antibiotic resistance due to irrational use of antibiotic.