OBJECTIVE: Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) is the leading cause of mortality in children under 5 years of age globally. It is important to identify clinical sign, demographic factors and laboratory data which can be used to predict children who have higher risk of mortality. The objective is to find the clinical sign, demographic factors and laboratory data that can be used as predictors of mortality from CAP.
METHOD: This case control study was carried out children with CAP in Dr. Soetomo Hospital between January 2016 and December 2018. The diagnosis of CAP can be based on history taking, physical examination, and radiological findings. Sixty patients were enrolled, 30 patient were dead (case group) and 30 patient were cured (control group). We evaluated age, nutrition status, comorbid disease, severity of pneumonia, leukocytosis, CRP level were risk factor of mortality in children with CAP. Regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors (p<0.05).
RESULT: Bivariate analysis show that the predictors of mortality in children with CAP were: age < 1 years or >1year (OR 3.14 95% CI 1.06-9.26), malnutrition (OR 2.00 95% CI 0.70-5.67), comorbid disease>2 (OR 1.96 95% CI 0.70-5.48), severity of pneumonia (OR 1.71 95% CI 0.61-4.77), anemia (OR 3.00 95% CI 1.04-8.60), leukocytosis (OR 3.00 95% CI 1.04-8.60), thrombocytosis (OR 3.59 95% CI 1.21-10.63), high CRP level (OR 2.25 95% CI 0.80-6.32). Multivariate logistic regression analysis shows that age <1 year, leukocytosis, and thrombocytosis were significantly related to mortality in children with CAP.     
CONCLUSION: age <1 year, leukocytosis, and thrombocytosis play as independent mortality predictors of CAP in children.