Asia Pacific Journal of Pediatric and Child Health

Ref Number = ASPR0007

Problem of Antibiotic Use And Antimicrobial Resistance in Asia

Irene Ratridewi

Dept of Child Health University of Brawijaya/Saiful Anwar Genera Hospital 
Malang Jawa Timur

Antibiotic usage have undergone improvements since the first discovery of Penicillin. Over prescription and improper use leads to the spread of multi-resistant pathogenic bacteria and becoming a source of healthcare issues today.
On the year 2014, WHO stated that MDRO flourish in all WHO regions including Asia and is the main cause of healthcare associated infections which is very expensive to treat. The effort taken is the cooperation of all countries driven by their respective governments in controlling and limiting the use of antibiotics in all sectors ranging from human, livestock and agricultural health. This program in Indonesia begins with the issuance of government policies which will be revised in 2019. The items included are guidelines for hospitals to limit antibiotic use, periodic surveillance reports on both qualitative and quantitative analysis on antibiotics and MDRO (ESBL and MRSA). 
In Indonesia the antibiotic resistance problems of ESBL increases from 40% (2013) to 60% (2017) and inappropriate antibiotics usage in teaching hospitals increases from 50-80% (2013) to 60-80% (2017). The national AMR committee started in 2016 involving 14 referral hospitals as pilot project. 
The main issue in handling antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is the obedience of antibiotic users (doctors), inadequate public understanding on the dangers of antibiotics, unavailability of effectively working antibiotics in Indonesia and communications between tiered healthcare centres which still need to be improved (from community health centres to tier 2 hospitals, tier 1 provincial hospitals,  private hospitals and private practices). 
In the end, the goal of AMR control is to achieve a linear graph between the developments of new antibiotics that are stagnant with the development of MDRO so that deaths form MDRO infections can be avoided.

Acknowledgement: Hari Paraton Head of Antimicrobial Resistance Stewardship Program, Ministry of Health, Indonesia

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