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Case report
Ref Number: APCP-PP-273

Acute Paediatric Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis Unmasking Familial Hyperlipidaemia : A Rare Presentation

Ashani Dinushika¹, Hemali de Silva², Chanika Lokuhewage², Haresha Vidanapathirana²
1- German Sri Lanka Friendship Hospital for Women, Sri Lanka 2- National Hospital Galle, Sri Lanka
Corresponding Author: Ashani Dinushika (ashanidinushika9317@gmail.com)
Abstract Body
Introduction: Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis (CVST) is a rare but potentially life-threatening cerebrovascular disorder in children. While inherited and acquired prothrombotic conditions are recognised risk factors, dyslipidaemia is rarely reported as a contributing factor in the paediatric population. Case presentation: A 12-year-old previously healthy boy , third born to non-consanguineous parents, presented with a 10day history of frontal headache worsening over three days, which was associated with 1-2 daily episodes of vomiting and posterior neck pain. He subsequently developed acute onset bilateral painless visual loss. On the second day of admission, he experienced right-sided focal seizures followed by deterioration in Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). Paternal history of hyperlipidaemia with venous thrombosis was noted. Examination revealed an overweight child (BMI 26.3 kg/m2) with markedly reduced visual acuity . Other systemic and neurological examinations were unremarkable. Fundoscopy findings were suggestive of raised intracranial pressure. Lipid profile demonstrated elevated total cholesterol (284 mg/dL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) (200mg/dL), with high density lipoprotein (HDL) 54 mg/dL and triglycerides 149 mg/dL. Other haematological and biochemical parameters were normal. CT cerebral venography revealed thrombosis in bilateral parasagittal frontal and parietal regions and left occipital region, with a small hemorrhagic focus in the left temporal region. Genetic analysis was deferred due to financial constraints. Therapeutic anticoagulation with enoxaparin,later transitioned to warfarin and statin therapy were initiated. Conclusion: This case highlights CVST as a rare presentation of familial hyperlipidaemia, emphasising early neuroimaging, prompt anticoagulation, cardiovascular risk assessment, and structured family screening to reduce morbidity and prevent future thrombotic events.
Keywords: Familial hyperlipidaemia; Cerebral venous sinus; Venous sinus thrombosis
Presentation Type: Case report
Disclaimer: The Views and opinions expressed in the articles are of the authors and not of the journal.
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