Introduction: This study investigates whole-body vibration exposure and its physiological effects on neonates during interhospital road transport. Objective: Vibration during transport may affect the health of patients and neonates may be particularly susceptible. However, little information is available in the literature regarding vibration during neonatal transport. In this study , the vibration of neonates transported by municipal roads and expressways was measured, and its correlation with the TRIPS scores of the transported neonates was tested. Methods: A prospective cohort study was designed that included all neonates transported to the NICU of Shenzhen Children’s Hospital. Comatose neonates with severe neurological conditions such as intracranial hemorrhage were excluded. The vibration was continuously measured at a frequency of 10 Hz during transport, and physiological status was assessed by TRIPS scores. Results: A total of 71 neonates were enrolled, including 35 in the municipal roads group and 36 in the expressways group. The whole body vibration (WBV) of the municipal roads group was 1.07 (0.1398) m/s2, and the WBV of the expressways group was 1.22 (0.1347) m/s2, indicating a significant statistical difference between the two groups. There was no significant difference in TRIPS scores between the two groups. Conclusion: The degree of vibration experienced by neonates during transport is significantly greater for those transported by expressways than those transported by municipal roads. The vibration data of both groups were higher than the adult health standard. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the effect of vibration on the physiological state of neonates.